This talk will share lessons learned from several case studies of utility-scale battery energy storage decommissioning and recycling. Examples of logistical requirements, cost estimation, and recycling markets will be described. A tutorial of decommissioning planning will also be provided, along with insights gained from decommissioning damaged, defective, and recalled (DDR) battery modules. Research needs for repurposing opportunities from the point of view of electric power companies will be shared.

This presentation will cover battery supply chains and the role of black mass and battery recycling as countries' electrification efforts. For the US, this will include efforts pertaining to adherence to IRA guidelines, BIL investments, and other legislative efforts. The presentation will also examine the state of black mass markets and its current drivers across Asia, Europe, and the US.

EV battery remanufacturing for second-life applications can provide a significant upside to EV leasing and financing. Residual value risk is a critical barrier facing battery-electric vehicle financing. A historic lack of BET-resale price data has resulted in lenders making the conservative assumption that a BET’s residual value (RV) will fall to nearly zero early in its financing term, making financing unaffordable. Instead of used vehicle resale prices, CALSTART assessed BET residual values by valuating used EV batteries. When applied to a typical Class 8 battery electric truck, CALSTART's model shows a strong RV outlook competitive with the RV outlook that lenders make when financing diesel trucks. This RV benchmark is a great starting point for structuring incentives for second-life EV battery deployment, which not only improve BET financing but also accelerate the circular economy for EV batteries and other components.

Water-using recycling processes—such as wet crushing and electrohydraulic fragmentation—generate large amounts of contaminated process water, resulting in increased costs for the disposal of hazardous waste and safety guidelines. To improve wastewater management, safety, and sustainability of water-assisted recycling processes, comprehensive knowledge of the battery components in the water are required. Analytical techniques can play an important role during these processes, including wet shredding processes, wastewater management, and analytical techniques.

Steve Sloop is the CEO and founder of OnTo Technology. Since 2004, the company has pioneered comprehensive methods to improve safety and efficiency in recycling lithium-ion batteries and materials.  These innovations include neutralizing batteries to eliminate hazards in transportation and storage; electrolyte extraction; electrode harvesting and separation; cathode healing direct recycling; and whole battery rejuvenation.  Dr. Sloop will discuss how these services enable the economic and environmental sustainability for batteries.

This study proposes a blockchain-based solution to optimize the recycling process of lithium-ion batteries, addressing critical challenges in battery lifecycle management as demand surges due to their role in electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. Leveraging blockchain technology and non-fungible tokens (NFTs), the solution enhances traceability, transparency, and efficiency in the battery supply chain.

The drying process is fundamental in chemical process engineering for solids handling. The term “drying” usually refers to the thermal removal of a liquid from a solid product. After mechanical shredding of the lithium-ion battery, process vacuum drying is critical for maximum black mass and other solids recovery and for electrolyte recovery. Dryer technologies are discussed including surrounding ancillary equipment, installation, safety, reliability, and troubleshooting.

Join Eric Frederickson, the Vice President of Operations for Call2Recycle, North America's oldest and largest battery stewardship program, as we explore the rapidly changing landscape of battery collection in the United States. Eric will review battery collections in the United States, how and why the models are changing, and what impacts that will have on producers, recyclers, and users of batteries and battery powered devices.

Recycling of spent LiB is a critical task for environmental protection and resource conservation. Recently, several novel processes have been developed for more effective and sustainable recycling of waste batteries. We would like to introduce a new concept of an eco-friendly and efficient recycling.