Cambridge EnerTech’s

Battery Safety

Battery Safety Standards & Testing

March 18-19, 2025



With the increasing availability of high energy density batteries in the market, there is a pressing need to continuously improve battery safety testing and regulations. The aim is to ensure that these new technologies function safely and can be used by consumers without any concerns. During this year's Battery Safety conference program, part of the International Battery Seminar, experts from regulatory agencies, associations, cell R&D engineers, and reliability engineers will gather to share their knowledge and insights. The focus will be on discussing important battery regulations and safety testing methodologies, keeping in step with the significant advancements in research and development. A key aspect of the conference will be the exploration of robust and dependable testing approaches tailored to the increasingly complex cell and pack designs. Special attention will be given to maintaining battery pack stability and implementing measures to prevent thermal runaway, thus enhancing overall battery safety.

Monday, March 17

7:00 amRegistration and Morning Coffee

4:45 pmClose of Day

Tuesday, March 18

7:00 amRegistration Open and Morning Coffee

BATTERY PACK & CELL DEVELOPMENT

8:05 am

Organizer's Remarks

Victoria Mosolgo, Conference Producer, Cambridge EnerTech

8:10 am

Chairperson's Remarks

Ahmad Pesaran, PhD, Chief Energy Storage Engineer, National Renewable Energy Laboratory

8:15 am

Defining the State of Safety (SOS) for Lithium-Ion Batteries in EVs – A Discussion

Ahmad Pesaran, PhD, Chief Energy Storage Engineer, National Renewable Energy Laboratory

There is significant demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in electric vehicles (EVs) and grid energy storage. However, LIBs use flammable electrolytes, making them prone to thermal runaway and fires. Despite ongoing R&D efforts to enhance safety, fire incidents in EVs and energy storage systems persist. As deployment increases, so could the risk of fires. Defining a "State of Safety" for LIBs—both during operation and after incidents like car accidents—is crucial. We will explore how this concept can help users and first responders manage fire risks effectively

8:45 am

Metallized Plastic Current Collectors & All Ceramic Separators in High Specific Energy Cell Designs

Eric Darcy, PhD, Battery Technical Discipline Lead, Power Systems, NASA Johnson Space Center

Metallized polymer current collectors (MPCC) for the cathode have been demonstrated to consistently isolate internal short circuits caused by nail penetration in 18650 and 21700 cells that achieve up to 250 Wh/kg. High speed radiography and post-test tomography indicate a fusible mechanism for the collector at the interface of the short that causes an electrical isolation or high impedance path for the active cathode material involved in the short from the rest of the jellyroll. When pushing the specific energy > 250 Wh/kg and energy density > 700 Wh/L, numerous design trials by Coulometrics indicate that an all-ceramic separator is required to preserve the safety function of the MPCC. Nail penetration tests of these cell designs with all-ceramic and ceramic coated separators with high-speed radiography indicate the benefits of the all-ceramic boehmite separator. However, too much speed (80ms) and depth (9mm) in nail penetration can overwhelm the MPCC in high energy cell designs. Repeating this test six times with a slower (1s) and shallower (3-6mm) nail allowed the PCC to isolate the short each time. This indicates that fast nail trigger speed can shock the jellyroll and poorly represent a point defect induced internal short circuit.

9:15 am

Advancing Automotive Battery Pack Safety with Innovative Venting Units

Michael Harenbrock, PhD, Principal Expert, Engineering Electric Mobility, MANN+HUMMEL GmbH

Vents are crucial for battery pack safety, especially under thermal runaway conditions. As battery cell chemistry and pack designs evolve, selecting appropriate venting units becomes increasingly important. The presentation provides an overview of regulatory and technological trends influencing vent design and introduces additional features like gas sensors and hot particle filters.

9:45 amGrand Opening Refreshment Break in the Exhibit Hall with Poster Viewing

BATTERY TESTING & FAILURE

10:30 am

Factors Influencing Battery Abuse with Immersion Cooling

Andre Swarts, PhD, Engineer, Automotive Propulsion Systems, Southwest Research Institute

The benefits of direct battery immersion cooling are significant, not just during regular operation but also in preventing thermal runaway in extreme conditions. This presentation emphasizes the importance of flow rate and duration of flow after an abuse event when considering immersion cooling. The data provided is valuable for designing immersion cooling systems and for selecting appropriate test conditions when evaluating fluids.

11:00 am

NMC vs. LFP: Thermal Runaway Propagation Pack Design Considerations Based on Chemistry

Brandon Bartling, Battery System Architect, 3M

Battery pack designs and technical safety requirements are evolving at a rapid pace. Shifts in government policy, sourcing requirements, and consumer expectations are driving designs that are maximizing cell content in packs and introducing new chemistries. These changes can have a profound impact on how thermal propagation may take place in the pack. In this talk, we will compare and contrast the thermal runaway behavior of LFP cells vs. NMC cells and speak about how those differences could translate into new material design and philosophies for how to mitigate these challenges.

11:30 am

Battery Safety in Aggressive and Abnormal Conditions: Some Insights from Recent Research

Tanvir Tanim, Battery R&D Engineer and Group Lead, Energy Storage Technology Group, Idaho National Laboratory

Battery safety under aggressive usage, such as fast charging, or abnormal conditions like post-accident or disaster, is a major concern for electric vehicle adoption. To address these risks, significant efforts focus on identifying early indicators of battery failure using sensors and diagnostics. New methods are emerging to assess battery health and diagnose potential failures during or after abnormal events. These technologies are vital for informing consumers, first responders, and recovery teams of safety risks. This presentation will showcase Idaho National Laboratory's advancements in improving battery system safety under challenging conditions.

12:00 pm

Increasing Success and Safety in Battery Testing

Nicholas DiCeglie, Account Executive, Sales, Associated Environmental Systems

Enhancing safety in battery testing processes is crucial to managing high-density testing in controlled, secure environments. This practice involves creating specialized scenarios that ensure safety measures are prioritized and optimized, helping to protect both equipment and personnel. In certain applications, larger batch testing in safely managed environments may be required. We will guide you through the necessary steps to ensure a safer approach to battery testing.

12:15 pm SafeCore—An Internal Fuse to Help Prevent Thermal Runaway

Matthew Wang, VP, Tech Programs, Amionx

SafeCore by Amionx is a material that is coated on the current collector in a battery cell that is responsive to current, temperature and voltage thresholds being reached. When one or any combination of these thresholds is reached, the material either: 1. Decomposes and cuts the flow of electricity in the cell, or 2. Creates a high impedance environment. In both cases, thermal runaway is prevented. Commercial progress and test reults will be discussed.

12:30 pmNetworking Luncheon

1:15 pmDessert Break in the Exhibit Hall with Poster Viewing

TRANSPORTATION AND REGULATION

1:45 pm

Chairperson's Remarks

Chris Egloff, Vice President, Strategic Opportunities, Americase

1:50 pm

International Code Council Report and Gap Analysis on Lithium Ion Batteries

Michael O'Brian, CEO, Code Savvy Consultants and Fire Chief, Brighton Area Fire Department

Emerging technology and its intricate relationship with building and fire codes have always posed significant challenges for users of codes and standards. In response to this challenge, the International Code Council (ICC) devised a strategic approach to identify gaps in the built environment that pertain to the use, manufacturing, storage, testing, and recycling of lithium-ion batteries and stored energy. .

2:20 pm PANEL DISCUSSION:

From Risk to Readiness: Lithium-Ion Batteries and Workplace Safety

PANEL MODERATOR:

Joel Chakkalakal, CEO, Critical Risk Solution

This panel will explore the International Fire Code (IFC) as it relates to lithium-ion batteries, focusing on safety, best practices, and emerging standards. Key topics include the implementation of fire safe rooms in facilities, the pros and cons of offsite storage along with regulatory considerations, and compliance strategies for IFC 24, including potential relief from dangerous goods room requirements. The panel will also cover the upcoming changes to SAE-J3303 standards, comparing catch-all and bespoke battery containers, and review industry best practices and SOPs, with insights into potential training resources from HSC. The session will conclude with an interactive Q&A, offering tailored advice to address specific audience concerns.

PANELISTS:

Todd Mackintosh, Tech Specialist, Global Battery Systems Engineering, General Motors Co.

Jun Shin, Principal Commodity Manager, Battery Strategy, Amazon

Mike Pagel, Senior Consultant, Hazmat Safety Consulting

Chris Egloff, Vice President, Strategic Opportunities, Americase

3:20 pmRefreshment Break in the Exhibit Hall with Poster Viewing

PLENARY KEYNOTE

3:50 pm

Chairperson's Remarks and Presentation of the 2025 Shep Wolsky Battery Innovator Award

Craig Wohlers, General Manager, Cambridge EnerTech

3:55 pm

Can We Have a Safe Lithium-Metal Battery?

Shirley Meng, PhD, Director, Energy Storage Research Alliance (ESRA), Argonne National Laboratory; The Liew Family Professor, The University of Chicago

Along the pathway beyond 500 Wh/Kg, enabling lithium-metal anodes becomes a must. In this talk, I will introduce a new framework with which we can design lithium-metal anodes not only for high energy and long cycling, but also for safe operation. The design rule for possible anode-free architecture will also be discussed.

4:15 pm

The Importance of Passive Propagation Resistance in Battery Pack Design

Troy Hayes, PhD, Director of Quality, Tesla

More than 30 years after the first Li-ion battery was produced, random thermal runaway events still occur in the field. Despite the low probability of such incidents at the cell level, the volume of cells in EVs dictates that manufacturers must prepare for these occurrences. Ensuring that this does not create a significant risk to vehicle occupants is crucial and is a fundamental aspect of battery pack design. This talk will discuss the importance of passive propagation resistance and the rigors of testing given the stochastic nature of Li-ion battery thermal runaway.

4:40 pm

A Comprehensive Analysis of Modern Silicon-Carbon Nanocomposite Negative Electrode Materials for Li-ion Batteries

Jeff Dahn, FRSC, PhD, Professor of Physics and Atmospheric Science, NSERC/Tesla Canada Industrial Research Chair, Canada Research Chair, Dalhousie University

There is a huge world-wide push to develop and manufacture modern Silicon:Carbon nanocomposite materials (Si:C) for Li-ion batteries.   There are a handful of companies in the US (e.g. Sila, Group 14, etc.), several in Europe as well as OVER 70 companies in China developing and/or manufacturing such materials.  Why is this happening?   In this lecture I will describe the structure and properties of modern Si:C materials and show why they are so attractive compared to earlier alternatives.  The best materials show specific capacities near 2000 mAh/g, first cycle efficiencies near 90%, very little irreversible swelling during charge-discharge cycling and compatibility with simple binders like CMC/SBR.  The best materials can be used with typical Li-ion battery electrolytes with common electrolyte additives.  We will show results for Li-ion pouch cells containing 20% and 50% by weight of Si:C (balance graphite) where impressive cycle life has been achieved.  Energy density increases over "graphite-only" cells are very significant.   All the Si:C materials we have tested show large REVERSIBLE volume changes which means that significant care must be taken in cell design.  

5:05 pm

This and Next-Generation Battery Development—A UK Perspective

Martin Freer, PhD, CEO, Faraday Institution

The UK government set out a battery strategy in 2023 targeting the three elements, including design and development of the batteries of the future as well as strengthen the resilience of UK manufacturing supply chains and enabling the development of a sustainable battery industry. This is matched by a significant delivery program associated with the Faraday Battery Challenge, including the Faraday Institution which coordinates the UK's battery research program. This presentation will provide an overview of the UK's battery strategy, the development of associated research programs, and highlight future focus areas for research and innovation.

5:25 pm

Breaking News Announcement

Jun Shin, Principal Commodity Manager, Battery Strategy, Amazon

5:30 pmReception in the Exhibit Hall with Poster Viewing

6:30 pmClose of Day

Wednesday, March 19

6:45 amRegistration Open

7:00 amCoffee Talk: Interactive Roundtable Discussions with Coffee & Pastries

Roundtable discussions are informal, moderated discussions with brainstorming and interactive problem-solving, allowing participants from diverse backgrounds to exchange ideas and experiences and develop future collaborations around a focused topic.


TABLE 1: Battery Raw Materials Supply Chain
Moderator: Robert Privette, Manager, Business Development, Rechargeable Battery Materials North America, Umicore USA, Inc.


TABLE 2: Li-ion NMC Fast Charging New Cells for E-Mobility
Moderator: Shmuel De-Leon, CEO, Shmuel De-Leon Energy Ltd.


TABLE 3: Electrolyte Developments: New Components and Approaches
Moderator: Sam Jaffe, Vice President, Battery Solutions, E Source


TABLE 4: Battery Pack System Cost and Safety – Will Future xEV Battery Packs Increase in Complexity or Simplify and How Will Cost and Safety Be Impacted?
Moderator: Kevin Konecky, Battery and Energy Storage Systems Consultant, Total Battery Consulting


TABLE 5: Innovations in Recycling Battery Materials & Second Life
Moderator: Steven Sloop, President, OnTo Technology LLC


TABLE 6: Opportunities and Barriers to Fast Charge in Automotive and Other Applications
Moderator: Brian Barnett, PhD, President, Battery Perspectives


TABLE 7: Provisional Patents to Due Diligence
Moderator: Grant Ehrlich, PhD, Member, Intellectual Property & Technology, Stites & Harbison PLLC


TABLE 8: Understanding the Pressure Effects on Li Metal Batteries
Moderator: Bin Li, Senior Scientist & Joint Professor, Electrification, Oak Ridge National Laboratory


TABLE 9: Challenges and Opportunities in the Distribution of Relaxation Times Analysis
Moderator: Tom Ruether, Lecturer & Chair, Electrical Energy Systems, University of Bayreuth


TABLE 10: How Will Emerging Technologies and Paradigms Impact the Future of Electrified Transportation?
Moderator: Benny Varghese, PhD, Research Engineer, Energy Storage & Advanced Transportation, Idaho National Laboratory


TABLE 11: Battery Testing & Aging
Moderator: Gerald Sammer, PhD, Principal Business Development Manager, AVL List GmbH


TABLE 12: Thermal Runaway
Moderator: Lin Liu, PhD, Professor, Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas


TABLE 13: Consumer-Driven Trends in Battery Development for Personal Electronics
Moderator: John Wozniak, PhD, President, ESP Consulting


TABLE 14: Battery Electrolytes: Materials, Developments and Manufacturing
Moderator: Monica Usrey, R&D, Orbia Fluor & Energy Materials

UNDERSTANDING AND PREVENTING THERMAL RUNAWAY

8:25 am

Chairperson's Remarks

Lin Liu, PhD, Associate Professor, Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas

8:30 am

Dynamics of Intra-Cell Thermal Front Propagation in Lithium-ion Battery Safety Issues

Jun Xu, PhD, Associate Professor Mechanical Engineering, Spencer Lab, University of Delaware

Understanding thermal front propagation (TFP) characteristics, such as front and velocity, is crucial for assessing energy release and temperature distribution for battery hazardous estimation. Recent studies assume that TR within cells propagates at a near-constant velocity, based on the reaction kinetics and thermal properties. Here, an intra-battery TR model is further proposed and it indicates that TFP velocity stabilizes when the front is distanced from the heat source.

9:00 am

Thermal Runaway Prognosis

Lin Liu, PhD, Associate Professor, Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas

Thermal runaway, recognized as one of the major obstacles in the safe performance of lithium-ion batteries, has seriously hindered their large deployment. Therefore, it is crucial to develop new approaches that can accurately predict the failure of lithium-ion batteries and prevent catastrophic incidents. For this purpose, this study focuses on analyzing the failure of lithium-ion batteries due to the occurrence of thermal runaway using a data-driven framework called data-driven prognosis.

9:30 am

Whodunit? The Science behind Battery Fire Investigations

Ryan Spray, Principal Scientist, Polymer Science & Materials Chemistry, Exponent

Growing public awareness of lithium-ion battery thermal runaway hazards has coincided with increased scrutiny of batteries when they are found at fire scenes. Lithium-ion thermal runaway can occur due to heating from an external fire, even if they are not the cause of the fire. This presentation will encompass many analytical tools that may be relied upon when analyzing the role of lithium-ion batteries at fire scenes, as well as in the post-scene analysis of batteries and devices.

10:00 am

Why Energy Storage Safety Matters & How It Is Achieved

Thomas Farrell, Manager, Test & Validation, Fike Corp.

The increasing deployment of energy storage systems (ESS) globally requires a focus on understanding their hazards and ensuring reliable safety systems. Fike will present the dangers & causes of thermal runaway, an unpredictable fire hazard occurring in the lithium battery cells held in an ESS. Backed by years of internal test data, we’ll review the effectiveness of thermal runaway safety solutions recommended by global codes & standards and will analyze various ESS installation scenarios and the comprehensive safety systems we’d recommend ensuring these hazards are mitigated.

10:15 amCoffee Break in the Exhibit Hall with Poster Viewing

POST INCIDENT

11:00 am Better Batteries: The Quest for Technological Breakthroughs

Gautham Ramchandran, Staff Engineer, Solutions Consulting, Gamma Technologies

Designing better batteries, whether for cell designers or pack designers and integrators, requires a real-world understanding of the battery system being deployed and its influences on performance, reliability, life, and safety. This talk will demonstrate how Gamma Technologies' simulation solutions help drive commercially viable and successful products by expediting time-to-market and minimizing the need for expensive physical testing. Rooted in multi-physics, you will understand how to optimize designs and materials to meet performance requirements and leverage physics-based aging models and operating conditions to study the impact on the battery's lifespan. You will also learn how to combine electrochemical, fluid-thermal, mechanical, and controls to analyze and prevent catastrophic events such as battery thermal runaway propagation and gain deeper insights through an integrated systems approach.

11:15 am Application of Ultrasonic Technology in Quality Control of Key Process Steps in Battery Mass Production Lines

Zhe Deng, CEO, General Manager's Office, Wuxi Topsound Technology Co., Ltd

Traditional battery detection methods struggle to achieve non-destructive inspection of battery internals. To address this, TOPSOUND has introduced an innovative ultrasonic detection technology, pioneering its application on battery production lines. This system provides comprehensive pre-inspection solutions for key processes, including slurry bubble detection, electrolyte wetting, degassing quality, and consistency. TOPSOUND's ultrasonic technology fills the gap in quality inspection, helping battery manufacturers reduce costs and enhance product quality more effectively.

11:30 am

How Fire Departments Respond to Battery Incidents

Michael O'Brian, CEO, Code Savvy Consultants and Fire Chief, Brighton Area Fire Department

Battery incidents have gained notoriety and are newsworthy events. The Fire Service has been working quickly to equip, train, and prepare for emergencies that can occur in any jurisdiction. From a simple mobility issue to more complex transportation issues and batteries just in the built environment, this program will go through the general preparedness and how to include critical components of a facility or operator Emergency Response Plan. 

12:00 pm

After the Fire

Joseph Nowikowski, Senior Practice Leader, M&E, Rimkus Consulting Group Inc.

Those outside of the insurance industry have little to no understanding of what happens when an insured event occurs and what the process of subrogation is. This session will guide the audience through the process from production of a battery product to alleged failure—and explain the nuances that exist.

12:30 pm AI-Powered CT for High-Throughput Battery Inspection

Ievgeniia Morozova, CT Applications Specialist, X-Ray | CT, Nikon Metrology

The lithium-ion battery market is experiencing explosive growth, projected to reach US$144 billion by 2030, up from an estimated US$65.5 billion in 2024 and US$54.5 billion in 2023. While traditional inspection methods like digital radiography fall short in detecting critical defects, computed tomography (CT) scanning has proven effective for battery integrity verification. However, conventional CT techniques struggle to keep pace with the rapidly accelerating production demands of the electric vehicle (EV) industry. Current offline and sampling-based inspection approaches are insufficient for high-volume manufacturing and are primarily limited to cell development. To address this challenge, Nikon has developed a revolutionary AI-powered CT reconstruction algorithm. This customizable solution delivers significantly improved speed, accuracy, and image quality, enabling efficient high-throughput inspection of lithium-ion batteries.

12:45 pm ThermoShield New Paper-Based Technology -Thermo-Run-Away Mitigation

Rodger Mort, COO, PACT ThermoShield

PACT developed a 100% paper-based solution for L-Ion battery pack safety (TR-Sleeve) that shuts down thermal-run-aways on the cellular level.
The technology is in the coatings that are applied to the paper. When the battery goes into thermal run-away, the coatings are released as a moisture barrier that cools and adds moisture to the environment.

From the same technology PACT developed ThermoShield, a paper based product as a thermal management system for shipping and storing Lithium batteries. This unique invention mitigates thermal run-away by cooling and humidifying the environment. The hot electrolyte gases that escape from a battery condense against the paper. This process prevents the hot gases from finding oxygen and exploding. By controlling the environment, you prevent the explosion and prevent the propagation to other batteries. ThermoShield has been extensively tested: via SAE-G27 tests

1:00 pmNetworking Luncheon

2:15 pmDessert Break in the Exhibit Hall with Poster Viewing

2:45 pmClose of Conference


For more details on the conference, please contact:

Victoria Mosolgo

Conference Producer

Cambridge EnerTech

Phone: (+1) 774-571-2999

Email: vmosolgo@cambridgeenertech.com

 

For sponsorship information, please contact:

 

Companies A-K

Sherry Johnson

Lead Business Development Manager

Cambridge EnerTech

Phone: (+1) 781-972-1359

Email: sjohnson@cambridgeenertech.com

 

Companies L-Z

Rod Eymael

Senior Business Development Manager

Cambridge EnerTech

Phone: (+1) 781-247-6286

Email: reymael@cambridgeenertech.com