TUT5: Recent Advances in Solid State Electrolytes for Energy Storage
Monday, March 21 | 2:00-4:00pm
ABOUT THIS TUTORIAL: Dangerous liquid electrolytes are employed over solid electrolytes due to their high conductivities and excellent interfacial behavior. However, current research is narrowing the gap between liquid and solid electrolytes. This course will provide a review of advances in solid electrolyte, from material synthesis, to interfacial stability, to practical device applications.
TUTORIAL AGENDA:
2:00pm Solid Electrolytes for Energy Storage Devices: An Overview
Kang Xu, Ph.D., Senior Research Scientist, Electrochemistry Branch, U. S. Army Research Laboratory
The majority of the rechargeable batteries on today’s market, no matter Li-ion, Ni-MH or more traditional Lead-Acid, are running on liquid electrolytes, whose high ion conductivities and excellent interfacial behaviors with electrodes make them the electrolytes of choice for the battery chemistry they work for. However, they also bring forth issues such as flammability, reactivity with charged electrode surfaces, corrosion, as well as safety hazards upon accidental leakage. The advantage of replacing those liquid components with a solid counterpart, thus making the entire battery solid, has been apparent, as witnessed by persistent efforts of solidifying electrolytes, from immobilizing liquid electrolytes with porous membranes and gelled polymers, to employing either amorphous polymer, or crystalline, or glassy, or ceramic matrices as ion conduction pathways. Till recently, these efforts only achieved limited successes, and the solid state electrolytes fail to replace their liquid predecessors mainly because of their inferior ion conduction and more importantly the interfacial contact issues.
With the emergence of beyond Li-ion chemistries, the disadvantage of liquid electrolytes becomes ever more pronounced; while recent breakthroughs achieved with garnet-type solid electrolyte has significantly narrowed the ion conductivity gap. This course, given by top experts in the field, will provide a comprehensive review on the recent advances in solid electrolyte, from material synthesis, to interfacial stability, to practical device applications.
2:15 A Single Material All-Solid-State Li-Ion Batteries
Chunsheng Wang, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland
We demonstrated a proof of concept of a single-Li10GeP2S12 (LGPS) Li-ion battery where LGPS serves as the electrolyte, anode, and cathode, with the aim to eliminate the highly resistive interfacial resistance of solid-state Li-ion batteries. After mixing LGPS with carbon, the Li–S and Ge–S components in LGPS could act as active centers for its cathode and anode performance in a way similar to the Li2S cathode and GeS2 anode, respectively.
2:55 Break
3:10 Ceramic Electrolytes Enabling All Solid-State Batteries
Jeff Sakamoto, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Michigan State University
Large-scale adoption of electric vehicles requires batteries with higher energy density, lower cost, and improved safety compared to state-of-the-art (SOA) Li-ion technology. While there are efforts to discover new electrolytes with high conductivity, there are several existing solid electrolytes that have some of the necessary attributes to enable solid-state batteries. Ceramic electrolytes represent one class of solid electrolyte that exhibits the unprecedented combination of stability against Li, high ionic conductivity, and adequate mechanical properties to suppress Li dendrite formation, among several other key features. Owing to the recent attention ceramic electrolytes have garnered, this presentation summarizes key findings, highlights the challenges, and discusses the future outlook for solid-state Li-ion conducting electrolytes. The following aspects will include: 1) Li-ion conductivity, 2) phase stability, 3) chemical and electrochemical stability, 4) mechanical properties, and 5) cell integration.
3:50 Question & Answer Session
4:00 Close of Tutorial
INSTRUCTORS:
Kang Xu, Ph.D., Senior Research Scientist, Electrochemistry Branch, U. S. Army Research Laboratory
Kang Xu is a senior chemist at Electrochemistry Branch of U. S. Army Research Laboratory in Adelphi, Maryland. He received Ph. D. in Chemistry under the tutelage of Prof. Austen Angell at Arizona State University, and has been conducting electrolytes and interphasial chemistry researches for the past 20 years. He has published 130+ papers, wrote/edited 3 books/chapters, and obtained 20+ US Patents. Besides the numerous new salts, solvents and additives he invented and the solvation-interphase correlation he first proposed, he is best known in the field for the two comprehensive reviews published at Chemical Reviews in 2004 and 2014 respectively. His work has received numerous recognitions and awards within DoD and in the field.
Chunsheng Wang, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland
Dr. Chunsheng Wang is an Associate Professor in the Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering at the University of Maryland. He received Ph.D in Materials Science & Engineering from Zhejiang University, China in 1995. Prior to joining University of Maryland in 2007, he was an assistant professor in Department of Chemical Engineering at Tennessee Technological University (TTU) in 2003-2007 and a research scientist in the Center for Electrochemical System and Hydrogen Research at Texas A&M University in 1998-2003. His research focuses on reachable batteries and fuel cells. He has published more than 130 papers in peer-reviewed journals including Science, Nature communications, JACS, Advanced Materials. His work has been cited form more than 5300 times with H-index of 40. His work on lithium batteries have been featured in NASA Tech Brief, EFRC/DoE newsletter, C&EN etc. Dr. Wang is the recipient of the A. James Clark School of Engineering Junior Faculty Outstanding Research Award in the University of Maryland in 2013.
Jeff Sakamoto, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Michigan State University
Jeff Sakamoto is a Professor in the Mechanical Engineering Department at the University of Michigan. He earned his Ph. D. (2001) in Materials Science and Engineering from UCLA. Prior to joining the University of Michigan, he was on the faculty staff at Michigan State University (2007-2014) and was also a Senior Engineer at the California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (2001-2007). At JPL he investigated materials and materials device technology in support of the NASA 2003 Mars Exploration Rover Li-ion Battery and Advanced Thermoelectric Convertor Programs. Dr. Sakamoto is a Kavli Frontiers of Science Fellow, an alumnus of the National Academy of Sciences Frontiers of Science (Indo-US Speaker) and National Academy of Engineering Frontiers of Engineering (US Speaker). After seven years in Michigan, he has established collaboration with the auto and battery industries such as Ford (Dearborn), General Motors (Warren), Toyota (Ann, Arbor), A123Systems, and the Army Tank Automotive Research and Development Center (Warren). Dr. Sakamoto received two Major Space Act Awards from the NASA Inventions and Contributions Board, is the primary contributor on 14 patents and received the Teacher-Scholar (2013), and Withrow Excellence in Teaching (2009) Awards at Michigan State University